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 &lt;p class="loc"&gt;This is placeholder text for your new blog entry. Replace it with your own.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</string>
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	<string>Ch. 14 Water Pollution</string>
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&lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Water Pollution-Ch. 14 F/R, 14.3 in Frog book (iPad)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Big ideas:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. Rivers are continuous, so easier to find sources along the route (continuity analysis: all sources add to total)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. Groundwater is harder to determine point sources, as flow is over larger area (not confined by river banks) and there is no continuity analysis possible (we don't know sources and sinks)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;3. Oceans are the hardest to trace, and impact everyone eventually&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br class="" /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;
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    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br class="" /&gt;&lt;br class="" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Surface water impairment:&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;br class="" /&gt;&lt;img src="/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/6a74f/images/f1c78.png" title="causes of surface water impairment.png" role="button" alt="" class="aligncenter" tabindex="0" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;br class="" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Module 41-Humans and livestock &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Point source vs. non-point source Legal liability? Tracking? How is this different in oil spills?&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;BOD: impacted by anything that will decompose aerobically&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;br class="" /&gt;
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    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br class="" /&gt;&lt;br class="" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Dead zones: low DO levels (via BOD or thermal pollution)&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Eutrophication: too much food (nutrients), algal bloom (know the mechanism)&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Cultural Eutrophication: anthropogenic &lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Pathogens: cholera and hepatitis (esp. after disasters)&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Explain cholera mechanism: intestinal, shock dehydration, cure for infants: salt and sugar water&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Fecal Coliform: e. coli from humans, used as an indicator species (see recent rains here)&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Septic systems:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Septic tank: septage into leach field (elab into the trees)&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Cesspool: deeper, raw sewage leaks into groundwater/ocean (e.g. puako)&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;
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 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Wastewater treatment:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Primary&lt;/b&gt;: sedimentation tanks&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Secondary&lt;/b&gt;: bacterial breakdown&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tertiary&lt;/b&gt;: chemical breakdown (chlorine, ozone-only ozone kills viruses)&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;br class="" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Module 42-Heavy metals and chemicals&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Lead&lt;/b&gt;-heavy metal, damages brain, nervous system and kidneys, can be chelated from body using EDTA:&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelation_therapy"&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelation_therapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Arsenic&lt;/b&gt; (e.g. ant poison, mystery novel poison), found in well water in E. India/Bangladesh:&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic_poisoning"&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic_poisoning&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br class="" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Often found where mining occurs:&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;img src="/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/6a74f/images/3026b.png" title="Screen Shot 2018-02-17 at 12.00.05 PM.png" role="button" alt="" class="aligncenter" tabindex="0" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;n.b. no arsenic in Hawaii (why not?)&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Mercury&lt;/b&gt;-organic Methyl Mercury and inorganic (thermometers) &amp;quot;elemental mercury&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Burning coal, gold refining, mining, battery production (Minamata: &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minamata_disease"&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minamata_disease&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_poisoning"&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_poisoning&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br class="" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Limits to large fish consumption in pregnant women&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&amp;quot;mad as a hatter&amp;quot; Milliners&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Acid deposition:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (N2O)&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&amp;quot;acid snow&amp;quot; and acid rain&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;also runoff into streams&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Synthetics:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Pesticides with long decay rates (e.g. DDT)&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDT"&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDT&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Hormones and drugs:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Endocrine disrupters, not cleared by municipal water treatment systems&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Perchlorates:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;From rocket fuels (solid rockets, boosters) and explosives (Pohakuloa Training Area: PTA)&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;PCB:&lt;/b&gt; Poly chlorinated biphenyls (recall the orcas from &amp;quot;poisoned waters&amp;quot;), fat soluble, bioaccumulation in orcas, used as an insulating fluid in transformers (n.b. fire departments use hazmat suits when a transformer catches fire)&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzbQjd_Oo4Q"&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzbQjd_Oo4Q&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br class="" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;PBDE: &lt;/b&gt;poly brominated diphenyl ethers-brain damage (TRIS in children's clothing as flame retardant)&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybrominated_diphenyl_ethers"&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybrominated_diphenyl_ethers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;POP:&lt;/b&gt; persistent organic pollutants&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Module 43: oil pollution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Slow to decompose, settles to bottom of ocean, e.g. Exxon Valdez (captain was drunk on duty) and BP oil spill in Gulf of Mexico (&amp;quot;Deepwater Horizon&amp;quot;)&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spill"&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spill&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br class="" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Oil plumes to 3000' deep in ocean&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Damage to fisheries, beaches and corals/seabed animals&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Module 44: solid, thermal and noise pollution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Flotsam=floating stuff, jetsam=thrown (jettisoned) stuff&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Garbage patch in pacific: pacific gyre&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Pacific_garbage_patch"&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Pacific_garbage_patch&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Thermal pollution:&lt;/b&gt; usually associated with power plants (30% efficient, so 1000 mW power plant spews 2000mW of heat into water system)&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Decreases DO levels, also thermal shock to smaller organisms&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Noise pollution:&lt;/b&gt; serious threat to animals and humans&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_pollution"&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_pollution&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;notice health impacts&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;dB (decibel scale): 210 dB = Saturn V rocket blastoff, 0 dB = anechoic chamber&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&amp;gt;100 dB causes permanent hearing damage (ringing in the ears=dead cilia in cochlea)&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Module 45: water pollution laws&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Clean Water Act (CWA) 1972&lt;/b&gt;-protection and propagation of fish, shellfish and wildlife. Maintain and restore chemical, physical and biological props. of surface waters (n.b. not aquifers, n.b. economic impact of violations, externalized costs)&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;
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 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;CWA 1972&lt;br class="" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;RCRA 1976&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;TOSCA 1976&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;CERCLA 1980&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;br class="" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Safe Water drinking act (SWDA)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;1974-EPA (formed under Nixon) est. max contaminant levels (MCL) (see list)&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;img src="/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/6a74f/images/2192b.png" title="Screen Shot 2018-02-17 at 1.25.39 PM.png" role="button" alt="" class="aligncenter" tabindex="0" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;REVIEW &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;a href="http://physics.hpa.edu/physics/apenvsci/apes_exam_prep/apes%205%20steps%20to%20a%205/18-pollution.pdf"&gt;http://physics.hpa.edu/physics/apenvsci/apes_exam_prep/apes%205%20steps%20to%20a%205/18-pollution.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</string>
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&lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Water Pollution-Ch. 14 F/R, 14.3 in Frog book (iPad)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Big ideas:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. Rivers are continuous, so easier to find sources along the route (continuity analysis: all sources add to total)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. Groundwater is harder to determine point sources, as flow is over larger area (not confined by river banks) and there is no continuity analysis possible (we don't know sources and sinks)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;3. Oceans are the hardest to trace, and impact everyone eventually&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br class="" /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt; 
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     &lt;td&gt;&lt;img src="/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/6fbd6/images/__thumbs__/b8bc0.png" name="/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/6fbd6/images/b8bc0.png#1041.072256970757x357" title="" longdesc="https://physics.hpa.edu/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/6fbd6/images/b8bc0.png#1041.072256970757x357" role="button" alt="" class="aligncenter" tabindex="0" /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      
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 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Surface water impairment:&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;br class="" /&gt;&lt;img src="/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/6a74f/images/f1c78.png" title="causes of surface water impairment.png" role="button" alt="" class="aligncenter" tabindex="0" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;The water you drink could come from three sources here:&lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;
  &lt;ul&gt;
   
   &lt;li&gt;Surface water: Waimea: runoff from streams, purified and disinfected (animal waste, e.coli)&lt;/li&gt;
   
   &lt;li&gt;Well water: Kona: deep water from aquifers fed by the volcanic &amp;quot;water lens&amp;quot;&lt;/li&gt;
   
   &lt;li&gt;Catchement: Elab, or off-grid folks: rainwater collected and purified&lt;/li&gt;
   
  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;br class="" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Module 41-Humans and livestock &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Point source&lt;/b&gt; vs. &lt;b&gt;non-point source&lt;/b&gt; Legal liability? Tracking? How is this different in oil spills?&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;BOD: impacted by anything that will decompose aerobically&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;br class="" /&gt; 
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     &lt;td&gt;&lt;img src="/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/6fbd6/images/__thumbs__/fd81d.png" name="/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/6fbd6/images/fd81d.png#1055.0732287263675x558" title="" longdesc="https://physics.hpa.edu/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/6fbd6/images/fd81d.png#1055.0732287263675x558" role="button" alt="" class="aligncenter" tabindex="0" /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      
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 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Dead zones:&lt;/b&gt; low DO levels (via BOD or thermal pollution)&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Eutrophication&lt;/b&gt;: too much food (nutrients), algal bloom (know the mechanism)&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Cultural Eutrophication:&lt;/b&gt; anthropogenic &lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pathogens&lt;/b&gt;: cholera and hepatitis (esp. after disasters)&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Explain cholera mechanism: intestinal, shock dehydration, cure for infants: salt and sugar water&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fecal Coliform:&lt;/b&gt; e. coli from human feces, used as an indicator species (see recent rains here)&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Septic systems:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Septic tank: septage into leach field (elab into the trees)&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Cesspool: deeper, raw sewage leaks into groundwater/ocean (e.g. puako)&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt; 
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 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Wastewater treatment:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Primary&lt;/b&gt;: sedimentation tanks&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Secondary&lt;/b&gt;: bacterial breakdown&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tertiary&lt;/b&gt;: chemical breakdown (chlorine, ozone-only ozone kills viruses)&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;br class="" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt; 
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 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Module 42-Heavy metals and chemicals&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Lead&lt;/b&gt;-heavy metal, damages brain, nervous system and kidneys, can be chelated from body using EDTA:&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelation_therapy"&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelation_therapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Arsenic&lt;/b&gt; (e.g. ant poison, mystery novel poison), found in well water in E. India/Bangladesh:&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic_poisoning"&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic_poisoning&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br class="" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Often found where mining occurs:&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;img src="/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/6a74f/images/3026b.png" title="Screen Shot 2018-02-17 at 12.00.05 PM.png" role="button" alt="" class="aligncenter" tabindex="0" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;n.b. no arsenic in Hawaii (why not?)&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Mercury&lt;/b&gt;-organic Methyl Mercury and inorganic (thermometers) &amp;quot;elemental mercury&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Burning coal, gold refining, mining, battery production (Minamata: &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minamata_disease"&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minamata_disease&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_poisoning"&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_poisoning&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br class="" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Limits to large fish consumption in pregnant women&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&amp;quot;mad as a hatter&amp;quot; Milliners&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Acid deposition:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (N2O)&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&amp;quot;acid snow&amp;quot; and acid rain&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;also runoff into streams&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Synthetics:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Pesticides with long decay rates (e.g. DDT)&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDT"&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDT&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Hormones and drugs:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Endocrine disrupters, not cleared by municipal water treatment systems&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Perchlorates:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;From rocket fuels (solid rockets, boosters) and explosives (Pohakuloa Training Area: PTA)&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;PCB:&lt;/b&gt; Poly chlorinated biphenyls (recall the orcas from &amp;quot;poisoned waters&amp;quot;), fat soluble, bioaccumulation in orcas, used as an insulating fluid in transformers (n.b. fire departments use hazmat suits when a transformer catches fire)&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzbQjd_Oo4Q"&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzbQjd_Oo4Q&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br class="" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;PBDE: &lt;/b&gt;poly brominated diphenyl ethers-brain damage (TRIS in children's clothing as flame retardant)&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybrominated_diphenyl_ethers"&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybrominated_diphenyl_ethers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;POP:&lt;/b&gt; persistent organic pollutants&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Module 43: oil pollution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Slow to decompose, settles to bottom of ocean, e.g. Exxon Valdez (captain was drunk on duty) and BP oil spill in Gulf of Mexico (&amp;quot;Deepwater Horizon&amp;quot;)&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spill"&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spill&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br class="" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Oil plumes to 3000' deep in ocean&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Damage to fisheries, beaches and corals/seabed animals&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Module 44: solid, thermal and noise pollution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Flotsam=floating stuff, jetsam=thrown (jettisoned) stuff&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Garbage patch in pacific: pacific gyre&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Pacific_garbage_patch"&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Pacific_garbage_patch&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Thermal pollution:&lt;/b&gt; usually associated with power plants (30% efficient, so 1000 mW power plant spews 2000mW of heat into water system)&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;Decreases DO levels, also thermal shock to smaller organisms&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Noise pollution:&lt;/b&gt; serious threat to animals and humans&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_pollution"&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_pollution&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;notice health impacts&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;dB (decibel scale): 210 dB = Saturn V rocket blastoff, 0 dB = anechoic chamber&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&amp;gt;100 dB causes permanent hearing damage (ringing in the ears=dead cilia in cochlea)&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Module 45: water pollution laws&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Clean Water Act (CWA) 1972&lt;/b&gt;-protection and propagation of fish, shellfish and wildlife. Maintain and restore chemical, physical and biological props. of surface waters (n.b. not aquifers, n.b. economic impact of violations, externalized costs)&lt;/div&gt; 
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 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;CWA 1972&lt;br class="" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;RCRA 1976&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;TOSCA 1976&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;CERCLA 1980&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;br class="" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Safe Water drinking act (SWDA)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;1974-EPA (formed under Nixon) est. max contaminant levels (MCL) (see list)&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;img src="/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/6a74f/images/2192b.png" title="Screen Shot 2018-02-17 at 1.25.39 PM.png" role="button" alt="" class="aligncenter" tabindex="0" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;b&gt;REVIEW &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
 &lt;div class="wiki_entry"&gt;&lt;a href="http://physics.hpa.edu/physics/apenvsci/apes_exam_prep/apes%205%20steps%20to%20a%205/18-pollution.pdf"&gt;http://physics.hpa.edu/physics/apenvsci/apes_exam_prep/apes%205%20steps%20to%20a%205/18-pollution.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</string>
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	<string>Ch. 14 Water Pollution</string>
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